Ten ways of looking at Reveries (and digital scholarship?)

I was of three minds,
Like a tree
In which there are three blackbirds.

–Wallace Stevens, “Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird”

Overwhelmed by the abundance of literature on the bachelor, I’ve decided to focus my dissertation remix project on Donald Grant Mitchell’s Reveries of a Bachelor as a central cultural artifact that reflected tensions over economic productivity vs aesthetic and sentimental pursuits—at least for now. By using Reveries as a focal point, I hope to open up lines of vision into larger questions about authorship, reading, publishing, and literary and cultural influence, allowing me to explore my central interest in book history. As a model for a work of digital scholarship built around a single book, I’m inspired by Steve Railton’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin and American Culture, which uses Stowe’s best-selling novel to investigate slavery, religion, sentimentalism, book history, film history, etc. (Steve was one of my dissertation advisors). I don’t think Reveries is as significant a work as UTC (it wasn’t credited with starting a war, for instance, nor did it spawn plays, children’s books, movies, and much more), but it does reflect cultural tensions around fantasy, gender, domesticity, identity, etc—and in 1900 a critic compared Reveries to UTC because of its enduring popularity.

I’m pondering at least 10 perspectives on Reveries:

1. Precursors to and influences on Reveries: In my dissertation, I trace the lineage of the literary bachelor to the British essay tradition (Addison and Steele’s Spectator club Charles Lamb, etc.) as well as to Washington Irving, whose works are typically narrated by sentimental bachelors. By plumbing full-text databases for bachelor literature published prior to the 1850s, I can enrich my account of the genre’s history, discovering (I hope) other important works. Using text mining tools, I can distill key features of the genre and compare Reveries to its predecessors as I consider its appeal in mid 19th C America.

2. Mitchell and authorship: In my dissertation, I argue that Mitchell, himself a bachelor at the time that he wrote Reveries, associated being a bachelor with having the economic and emotional freedom to write. Indeed, many authors of works narrated by sentimental bachelors were themselves bachelors. It might be interesting to see how strong the link is between the personal experience of bachelorhood and the literary imaginings of it by building and querying a database about the authors of bachelor literature. If they married, when did they do so? Is there any kind of a link between marital status and authorship in antebellum America, or is bachelorhood a rhetorical pose that emphasizes the narrator’s detachment and emotional sensitivities? Biographical data could be culled from 19th and 20th C biographical dictionaries (such as Allibone’s dictionary of American and British authors), as well as census records. To shift the perspective from biography to fiction, how many bachelor characters are writers? A database focused on bachelor literature that contained information about the marital status of characters in bachelor fiction would help me to answer these questions–but would the argument I make drawing from this database be too reductive, too focused on numbers than interpretive power? I have Jerome McGann’s and Steve Ramsay’s critiques of an positivist, “scientific” approach to humanities computing very much in mind here.

3. Publishing history: As I explain in an article published in Publishing Research Quarterly (PRQ), Reveries sustained its popularity into the twentieth century, but letters written by Mitchell’s publisher Charles Scribner II to Mitchell reveal how much they struggled to make sure that readers were buying the Scribner’s editions and not those sold by “pirate” publishers or publishers who began selling it after Reveries’ copyright expired. Mitchell and Scribner also argued with each other over what physical form new editions of Reveries should take and what Mitchell’s royalties should be. You can see who won these arguments (typically Scribner) by examining the resulting volumes. I wonder to what extent Scribner’s letters to Mitchell are typical–how publishers and authors contended with piracy, fought over royalties, determined how a book should be packaged, priced and marketed, etc. I’d love to see the records of major US publishing houses–Scribner’s, Putnam, Ticknor and Field’s, etc.–digitized so that I could dive into such issues. Other sources of information about 19th century publishing practices are already available online: I’ve identified versions of Reveries that I wasn’t previously aware of by searching eBay (often cover images are included in auction postings, so I can get a sense of physical form), and I’ve stumbled across some back issues of Publisher’s Weekly in Google Books that contain advertisements and other significant information about 19th century publishing practices.

In addition to using electronic sources to research the 19th century publishing scene, I’m making a short video version of my PRQ article. As I recall, I wasn’t able to include any images in my article, even though the visual evidence of the different forms that Reveries took is quite striking. Through a video, I could show viewers how Scribner’s tried to appeal to different market segments by publishing some fine editions of Reveries, some cheap editions, some that could fit into a pocket.
4. Textual studies: For a graduate course on textual editing, I prepared an online critical edition of the first reverie from Reveries of a Bachelor. I painstakingly collated five different different versions of Reveries–oh, the eye strain! (I stink at the Hinman collator, and I was looking at different editions with different pagination anyway). With programming help from David Seaman, I created an interface that allowed readers to toggle back and forth between the different versions. (The interface is a little clunky and kind of broken now, but it wasn’t a bad start for, what, 1998? I’m a little embarrassed now by the over-the-top rhetoric I used back then to describe the interface, though–“unique color-coding system”? Gawd.) Almost all of the variants were accidentals–minor punctuation or spelling changes–rather than substantatives, alterations that affect the meaning of the text. Still, I think one could trace changes in editorial practices and stylistic preferences–even how words are emphasized–by comparing different versions of the text.

Ten years later, new tools have emerged for comparison and collation, such as the Versioning Machine and Juxta. Could I procure or produce digital versions of significant editions and use these tools to study the textual history of Reveries? I suppose I could try to clean up already available electronic versions of Reveries, but, ugh, that seems like a whole lot of work. Maybe a complete web-based critical edition of Reveries is merited, since it appears on a fair number of syllabi and is referenced in approximately 200 scholarly works in Google Scholar. Such an edition could include all of the contexts I’m discussing in this post–precursors, reader responses, revisions of Reveries, illustrations, and songs, as well as analytical tools.
5. Interpretation and play: analysis of Reveries itself: I’m fascinated by the contexts surrounding Reveries, but I’d also like to focus on the text itself, exploring what insights analytical tools yield. If I replace “bachelor” with “spinster” throughout the text, how does that transform it? If I read backward, what happens? What words frequently appear in close proximity to one another? What words occur most frequently? And to what extent can I use text analysis tools to analyze the elements of sentimental fiction: character, narrative voice, setting, plot, tone, themes, etc.?

6. Reader response: My favorite part of my dissertation focuses on readers’ intense responses to Reveries, which are documented in fan letters, marginal annotations, letters to friends and family, commentary in reviews and books, etc. I argued that many readers adopted a position of “detached intimacy,” passionately identifying with the narrator of Reveries but keeping him at arm’s length, safely closed up between the boards of the book. As I was working on this chapter, I wanted to know to what extent the rhetoric used in the fan letters to Mitchell was typical–is the idea of detached intimacy relevant beyond Reveries? What kinds of language did nineteenth century readers typically use in making marginal annotations and writing fan letters? In analyzing these questions, perhaps I can mine The Reading Experience Database (RED) 1450-1945, which documents “the reading experiences of British subjects and overseas visitors to Britain from 1450-1945, whoever they were, and pretty much whatever they were reading.” (I wish the database included American readers, but Reveries was beloved in Britain as well as the US.) In my initial search of the database, I find that both Wordsworth and Shelley were reading works with “Reverie” in the title (Rousseau, the poet R. P.Gillies), making me think that I should explore the connections between reverie and Romanticism.

7. Re-imaginings of Reveries: In a sense, readers remixed Reveries. Emily Dickinson adored the book and used it to prompt her own “pleasant musings” with her friend Susan Gilbert. After the publication of Reveries, several reveries narrated from the spinster or old maid’s perspective appeared, challenging Mitchell’s embrace of solitude. Using text comparison tools, perhaps I could establish different literary profiles for bachelor and spinster fiction.

8. Visual culture: Reveries was first illustrated by Felix Darley, but other publishers featured different illustrations in their own editions of Reveries. How did the way that the bachelor was imagined visually change between the 1850s and 1930s? What new book illustration techniques emerged during this time period? I could use image comparison tools such as the Virtual Light Box–or even the side-by-side comparison features in MDID–to visualize these features. I’ve already started a small collection of bachelor images in Flickr–I could use Flickr’s annotation tools to add notes, and play with various methods for making Flickr mashups that reveal the similarities and differences between images.

9. Musical culture: One definition of reverie is “An instrumental composition suggestive of a dreamy or musing state” (OED). In Reveries, “music” appears 12 times, including in phrases that emphasize the link to dreaming, e.g. “All your early dreams, and imaginations, come flowing on your thought, like bewildering music” and “soul music.” I found nearly 50 songs about the “bachelor” written between 1800 and 1930 by searching the Sheet Music Consortium –including “A bachelor gay” (1917), “A Bachelor’s heart” (1882), “Bachelor reveries; Waltzes” (1883), and “Bachelor’s dream” (1873). In examining the culture of bachelorhood, I’d love to have musicians with an appreciation for 19th C/ early 20th C musical styles record some of these songs and make them available online. I wouldn’t really be qualified to analyze music, but it would be interesting to play with music information retrieval systems with these musical bachelor reveries.

10. Digital scholarship as an overarching framework/ core set of questions In the process of taking these different perspectives on Reveries, I want to reflect on digital humanities tools and methods–how I employ them, how well they work, what impact they have on my research. For instance, I want to look at how to maximize the effectiveness of searching by using keywords gleaned from text analysis. In using text analysis tools, I want to consider the effectiveness of different tools, what can we learn from them, and how we present the results of text analysis in a scholarly argument. I want to play with Sophie and other authoring tools to figure out how to present my research in an interactive, media-rich, user-friendly way. I want to look at ways to share and collaborate, such as through CommentPress, sites such as Flickr, this blog, etc. I want to think about what practical and theoretical knowledge I need to do digital scholarship and not be naïve or inefficient.

Typical me, I’m trying to focus and instead have come up with a bunch of big ideas for expanding my focus–building databases focused on American authors, reading experiences, and bachelor literature, collating different versions of Reveries (after first cleaning them up, of course), creating videos and hypertexts based on my research, etc. I need to choose what to dive into. Some of my ideas–mining non-existent databases on publishing history–will obviously have to wait, while with others–building a database of bachelor literature, for instance–I need to think through whether the result would be worth the effort and figure out the best way to go about creating such a resource. (And I would also have to learn about database design, web programming, etc–no small tasks). I’ll also need to weave these different strands into a coherent argument. Perhaps I can author an interactive, hypertextual exploration of the different dimensions of literary bachelorhood, worrying not so much about coherence as about offering insight and stimulating further exploration. But as hard as it is to shape a coherent argument, I suspect that building a navigable, meaningful hypertextual scholarly essay is even harder. For now, I’ll focus on manageable tasks: creating a video about Reveries’ publishing history, experimenting with text analysis tools, examining Reveries in the context of other bachelor texts.

How open should open research be?

As I strive to be a “digital scholar,” I’m committing myself to making my research as open as possible, sharing my bibliographies and publications online, posting notes on this blog, and offering more polished (but still kinda rough) thoughts about larger issues in my Digital Scholarship in the Humanities blog. By being open, I can try out ideas, get feedback, and, I hope, serve the research community by stimulating discussion and pointing to relevant resources. But when I start exploring an idea, my research notes are often sloppy, cryptic, and all-too-revealing of my ignorance. Does anyone really want to see this stuff–the notes on books I’m reading, my fledgling attempts at an essay–or should I just release the work that turned out well or that is relevant to a broader community? Do I risk making myself look like a fool by dumping half-baked ideas into the blogosphere and beyond? This very visibility and accountability, though, may push me to produce higher quality notes; I’ll be more likely to flesh out ideas and less likely to ignore spelling errors as I produce notes and drafts that will go online. Alternatively, I may decide to post some of my notes after I’ve had a chance to work through them–not the super-buggy draft 1 (alpha?), but the more polished, ready-for-other eyes version (beta?). I may be particularly afflicted by fear-of-looking-stupid syndrome, but I suspect that this anxiety keeps many researchers from releasing their work into the public prematurely–and such caution may be wise, given how one’s credibility can be damaged by reporting false or incomplete results (probably more of an issue in the sciences than the humanities). Maybe there’s a common understanding that materials marked “DRAFT” or blog postings are still in-process. Already my thinking has been refined through comments that folks have made on my blog postings, so I’m all for open scholarship–I’m just figuring out how open is open.

Reading Myself

My favorite chapter in my dissertation, titled “Reading with a Tender Rapture,” explores the relationship between Ik Marvel, the sentimental narrator of Reveries of a Bachelor, and his readers. I examine fan letters written to Marvel (or to Donald Grant Mitchell, the author–readers often assumed that Ik was a real person), marginal annotations in copies of the books, and reimaginings of Reveries, including by Emily Dickinson. Reveries, one the most significant bestsellers in 19th C America, moved so many readers because of what I call “detached intimacy”–readers felt profound emotional identification with Ik Marvel, but at the same time could remain a safe distance from him, as reading is associated with reverie. I rather like the term “detached intimacy” and think that it might have wider application–for instance, perhaps many of the personal relationships formed through message boards, social networking applications, virtual worlds, etc. could be considered “detached intimacy,” existing in the space of the imagination.

Since I am interested in experimenting with text analysis tools and in bringing my attention to assumptions in my own argument that I might not otherwise be aware of, I fed my article “Reading with a Tender Rapture” (an improved version of my diss chapter) into TAPOR. Here are the results (using Glasgow stop words):

Word count:

Summary: There are 3518 unique words other than those in the stop list, there are 8547 words other than those in the stop list. There are 16266 words in total including the stop words.


Words Distribution Count
mitchell 140
reveries 121
ik 108
readers 91
reading 80
letters 66
bachelor 56
book 54
marvel 50
dickinson 47
reader 44
carrie 41
intimacy 36
feeling 36
mitchell’s 35
author 33
new 33
sentimental 33
women 33
dream 29
life 28
detached 28
letter 26
press 26
heart 25
emily 25
york 24
papers 24
donald 24
fantasy 24
work 24
read 24
university 24
dreams 23
narrator 22
american 21
grant 21
real 20
writing 20
reverie 20
relationship 19
fantasies 19
domestic 19
fan 18
man 18
world 18
literature 18
distance 17
sense 16
ik’s 16
men 16
power 16
suggests 16
wrote 16
love 16
1851 15
family 15
correspondents 15
literary 15
just 15
private 15
according 14
history 14
edition 14
america 14
dreaming 14
“the 14
female 14
like 14
1852 13
nineteenth-century 13
books 13
anonymous 13
text 13
male 13
know 13
home 12
study 12
experience 12
young 12
susan 12
fans 12
away 12
father 12
bachelor’s 12
imagination 11
make 11
marvel’s 11
feelings 11
sympathy 11
social 11
ryan 11
imaginative 11
published 11
personal 11
“you” 10
dickinson’s 10
identity 10
words 10
wction 10
write 10
ideal 10
pleasure 10
culture 10
lives 10
wrst 10
ohio 10
old 9
mother 9
marriage 9
thomas 9
feb 9
audience 9
spinster 9
embraced 9
dreamer 9
copy 9
represented 9
emotional 9
form 9
woman 9
figure 8
unmarried 8
time 8
romance 8
describes 8
austin 8
responses 8
bachelorhood 8
ways 8
rhetoric 8
domesticity 8
cultural 8
enigma 8
married 8
children 8
desire 8
readers’ 8
language 8
thought 8
making 8
become 8
evidence 8
manhood 8
authors 8
control 8
critics 8
reality 8
questions 8
written 8
public 8
correspondent 8
imagined 8
1886 7
“i 7
library 7
suggesting 7
instance 7
feel 7
solitary 7
snyder 7
fiction 7
otter 7
self 7
present 7
identiwcation 7
wanted 7
different 7
held 7
great 7
writers 7
mary 7
use 7
“you 7
leisure 7
response 7
example 7
scribner’s 7
creative 7
antebellum 7
charles 7
texts 7
metaphor 7
instead 7
focuses 7
argues 7
urbana 7
vision 6
uncle 6
wife 6
used 6
particular 6
hopes 6
mind 6
age 6
1853 6
audiences 6
popular 6
means 6
little 6
zboray 6
henry 6
barbara 6
novels 6
appeal 6
early 6
rhetorical 6
values 6
dec 6
important 6
patrick 6
able 6
oxley 6
asserts 6
understand 6
characters 6
“a 6
suggest 6
actual 6
beautiful 6
book’s 6
boundaries 6
using 6
persona 6
authority 6
smallwood 6
wnd 6
needs 6
ed 6
conscious 6
view 6
thompson 6
oct 6
likewise 6
william 6
received 6
inspired 6
tom’s 5
century 5
ibid 5
acknowledged 5
imagining 5
identiwed 5
sent 5
focus 5
saw 5
voice 5
introduction 5
marry 5
uses 5
art 5
really 5
connection 5
shaped 5
direct 5
novel 5
narrative 5
melville 5
long 5
wants 5
claimed 5
future 5
insisting 5
perspective 5
day 5
wish 5
notes 5
compelling 5
shared 5
cabin 5
possible 5
friends 5
image 5
expression 5
think 5
james 5
remain 5
sensibility 5
brings 5
tension 5
come 5
mysterious 5
nell 5
romantic 5
city 5
describing 5
beloved 5
comments 5
holton 5
second 5
brodhead 5
editions 5
packet 5
reprint 5
revised 5
margins 5
correspondence 5
“by 5
greater 5
independence 5
continued 5
acts 5
makes 5
passage 5
way 5
wre 5
true 5
beinecke 5
bible 5
timon 5
asserted 5
virginia 5
detachment 5
everyday 5
women’s 5
deep 5
hawthorne 5
reviews 5
1850 5
yale 5
set 4
end 4
samuel 4
escapist 4
past 4
productive 4
lecture 4
presented 4
address 4
times 4
message 4
attention 4
knot 4
seen 4
artistic 4
truth 4
terms 4
dreamed 4
moved 4
signiwcant 4
practices 4
insisted 4
became 4
wgure 4
model 4
takes 4
privacy 4
constructed 4
inner 4
publishing 4
karr 4
authorship 4
collection 4
reveals 4
close 4
davies 4
return 4
cambridge 4
spirit 4
ultimately 4
called 4
conflict 4
tone 4
creation 4
eyes 4
face 4
sons 4
essay 4
reviewer 4
act 4
author’s 4
aunt 4
illustrations 4
shape 4
annotations 4
1850s 4
narrator’s 4
took 4
insists 4
directly 4
thoughts 4
responded 4
mode 4
comes 4
youth 4
quite 4
having 4
mood 4
pose 4
create 4
paper 4
eye 4
woman’s 4
scenes 4
manuscript 4
richard 4
practical 4
fact 4
remains 4
ability 4
touchstone 4
lead 4
elisha 4
right 4
single 4
attempt 4
experiences 4
valentine 4
based 4
value 4
brought 4
illustrated 4
relation 4
poems 4
appear 4
examine 4
sparked 4
word 4
works 4
taste 4
identities 4
pen 4
chicago 4
society 4
signiwcance 4
represent 4
approach 4
alternative 4
soul 4
oxford 4
meaning 4
twenty-four 4
establish 4
“what 4
machor 4
[new 4
wide 4
assume 4
todd 4
behind 3
fancies 3
offered 3
addressed 3
critic 3
slipping 3
state 3
calls 3
included 3
self-control 3
french 3
lived 3
laid 3
questioned 3
“to 3
elizabeth 3
holds 3
images 3
shifts 3
moving 3
seven 3
recover 3
scene 3
people 3
central 3
comfort 3
imagine 3
lose 3
savvy 3
professional 3
body 3
descriptions 3
person 3
conditions 3
created 3
step 3
hopkins 3
speak 3
thrill 3
represents 3
dorothy 3
potential 3
habit 3
contrasts 3
challenges 3
help 3
happy 3
explore 3
412 3
chapter 3
complex 3
sentimentalism 3
haven 3
bound 3
studies 3
objects 3
contrast 3
prose 3
wondered 3
scholarship 3
interaction 3
includes 3
disciplinary 3
excellent 3
god 3
moral 3
saying 3
promotes 3
recommended 3
interpretive 3
documents 3
consciousness 3
large 3
determine 3
rare 3
holland 3
character 3
compared 3
common 3
gilbert 3
thinking 3
articulated 3
pacquet 3
creators 3
contends 3
offer 3
reflect 3
group 3
crucial 3
interpretation 3
evening 3
apart 3
personae 3
offers 3
pages 3
members 3
wnds 3
marital 3
wonder 3
douglas 3
davidson 3
thank 3
desires 3
1988 3
“i” 3
ones 3
david 3
names 3
region 3
voyeur 3
particularly 3
giving 3
articulate 3
habits 3
waldo 3
sympathetic 3
solitude 3
exchange 3
style 3
voices 3
testify 3
interpreters 3
constructing 3
consider 3
sharing 3
john 3
described 3
account 3
helen 3
beyond 3
hold 3
maid 3
sept 3
effects 3
conventional 3
production 3
peering 3
forth 3
functions 3
husband 3
1854 3
magazine 3
dear 3
asserting 3
rejected 3
renaissance 3
elijah 3
best 3
creating 3
lorgnette 3
reviewers 3
dr 3
suffering 3
typical 3
instruction 3
dean 3
unknown 3
place 3
dunn 3
affection 3
idealist 3
o’brien 3
becomes 3
coming 3
material 3
advanced 3
rivalry 3
promoting 3
period 3
structures 3
picture 3
marked 3
prompt 3
katherine 3
construct 3
asked 3
incorporated 3
providing 3
describe 3
za 3
examining 3
friend 3
house 3
extent 3
wars 3
middle-aged 3
contend 3
easy 3
developed 3
support 3
admired 3
stimulated 3
order 3
project 3
light 3
bright 3
typically 3
label 3
howells 3
ambitions 3
story 3
attempts 3
status 3
preface 3
expresses 3
insight 3
version 3
remoteness 3
description 3
peer 3
expressing 3
emphasized 3
living 3
march 3
better 3
knew 3
marginal 3
grate” 3
preserved 3
hearts 3
intensely 3
musings 3
excitement 3
expressed 3
152 2
journal 2
business 2
flirt 2
learning 2
beneath 2
1922 2
priority 2
timon’s 2
relationships 2
writes 2
cathy 2
mrs 2
bertolini 2
die 2
autonomy 2
drawn 2
similar 2
writer 2
tabithy 2
genius 2
exchanges 2
engage 2
perspectives 2
provides 2
entries 2
going 2
creations 2
spontaneous 2
april 2
fluidity 2
playing 2
wear 2
astor 2
volume 2
dash 2
placing 2
vincent 2
father’s 2
admitted 2
dunn’s 2
broken 2
ribbon 2
objective 2
melville’s 2
strategy 2
st 2
shall 2
relief 2
analysis 2
maintain 2
wve 2
character” 2
identiwes 2
ashes 2
fig 2
1906 2
provide 2
passions 2
bell 2
ithaca 2
self-creating 2
scribner 2
enjoying 2
self-fashioning 2
produced 2
aside 2
transported 2
continuing 2
chastising 2
warner 2
union 2
experiments 2
title 2
explains 2
tour 2
especially 2
worried 2
vacant 2
invitation 2
pleasant 2
baltimore 2
embodiment 2
ideas 2
assumed 2
july 2
illustration 2
argue 2
admiration 2
critical 2
assert 2
tompkins 2
bourgeois 2
fasting 2
intensiwed 2
conventionally 2
1859 2
jackson 2
distinguish 2
textual 2
playfully 2
ground 2
maintaining 2
anatomies 2
characterized 2
watched 2
mutuality 2
belong 2
darnton 2
messenger 2
higher 2
josiah 2
argued 2
“home 2
http 2
discipline 2
narrates 2
reactions 2
idea 2
reveries’s 2
exemplify 2
sentimentality 2
enclosed 2
special 2
1931 2
producing 2
simultaneously 2
crafting 2
“smoke 2
hard 2
increasing 2
look 2
spiro 2
fans’ 2
human 2
hoped 2
presumably 2
vivid 2
“fancy 2
commentary 2
pure 2
harris 2
determined 2
macdonald 2
henry’s 2
massacre 2
assumes 2
earlier 2
sway 2
subtext 2
aesthetics 2
turn 2
presumption 2
contended 2
reputation 2
stimulate 2
physical 2
following 2
shows 2
deliberately 2
pushed 2
precisely 2
“charles 2
disturbed 2
“morning 2
enterprise 2
appealed 2
[the 2
cherished 2
criticized 2
provided 2
“love 2
examined 2
chariot 2
1989 2
spiritual 2
“for 2
equated 2
passages 2
boy 2
1849 2
sketches 2
observer 2
embracing 2
1986 2
good 2
features 2
1985 2
1984 2
poet 2
associating 2
invited 2
inviting 2
indecision 2
flame 2
punning 2
reads 2
near 2
self-refashioning 2
course 2
nice 2
noted 2
“your 2
wife’s 2
friendship 2
left 2
opened 2
challenging 2
cornell 2
valentines 2
fitz-james 2
fears 2
try 2
fantastic 2
keeps 2
ann 2
serve 2
gendered 2
misty 2
associated 2
things 2
imitates 2
unlike 2
man’s 2
southern 2
debate 2
lines 2
observed 2
contexts 2
marks 2
i’m 2
interpreter 2
27-05 2
‘i 2
powerful 2
hand 2
remember 2
independent 2
rapture 2
profound 2
carolina 2
younger 2
grate 2
studying 2
darley 2
1899 2
rest 2
tear 2
wne 2
broad 2
250 2
protecting 2
suspicion 2
queechy 2
fall 2
enjoy 2
1897 2
energies 2
mothers 2
united 2
enigma’s 2
led 2
tying 2
maria 2
idealized 2
bridge 2
strange 2
lost 2
position 2
helped 2
availability 2
asterisks 2
isaac 2
amy 2
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contrasting 1
receiving 1
prominent 1
lies 1
suited 1
side” 1
music” 1
preserves 1
contained 1
insights 1
1910 1
charlottesville 1
spoken 1
chokes 1
patriarchy 1
“there 1
gallant 1
upsets 1
ever-changing 1
merely 1
tennyson 1
various 1
aspirations 1
require 1
calculated 1
“bias 1
1800 1
here—perhaps 1
communal 1
are—oh 1
recent 1
validation 1
girl 1
belknap 1
pointing 1
pawley 1
elijah’s 1
fable 1
237–38 1
autobiographical 1
meanings 1
volcano 1
sought 1
“rereading 1
eden 1
goldsmith 1
capitalizing 1
purchased 1
imply 1
joy 1
150–53 1
theorists 1
substitutes 1
ribbon—not 1
asides 1
till 1
thoughtful 1
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narrators 1
monastic 1
farrar 1
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cares 1
false 1
peep 1
heart—says 1
delights 1
committing 1
self-deluded 1
dealing 1
connect 1
parches 1
south 1
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carlyle 1
reason 1
mailing 1
bit 1
verify 1
mutually 1
revealed 1
gene 1
were—that 1
youthful 1
correspondents—all 1
chimney 1
sorts 1
relies 1
peek 1
texts” 1
spheres 1
swept 1
occupation 1
commitment 1
surrounding 1
him— 1
beverage 1
reaction 1
ambiguity 1
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“reader 1
harmony 1
indulgence 1
game 1
looms 1
english 1
montreal 1
correspondents’ 1
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marrying 1
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number 1
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matter 1
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gratitude 1
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curtis 1
invoked 1
flirtation 1
positioned 1
’twould 1
portraying 1
retrospectively 1
year” 1
plates 1
vows 1
ocean 1
notions 1
protagonist 1
events 1
remove 1
separation 1
religious 1
hearth 1
“but 1
inwardly 1
”92 1
would’nt 1
ennobling 1
interpret 1
maze 1
simultaneous 1
you—i 1
draws 1
girls 1
aims”—i 1
garments 1
explosion 1
1835 1
reaches 1
says 1
manliness 1
compellingly 1
bride 1
“interpret 1
dickens 1
envelope 1
139–70 1
verb 1
leer 1
phrase 1
effusively 1
heads 1
poor 1
relationship—the 1
lingered 1
struggle 1
vehicles 1
releasing 1
necromancy 1
rereading 1
[boston 1
evaded 1
clearer 1
wider 1
subtle 1
[elijah’s] 1
[tainter] 1
imposing 1
push 1
rose 1
watcher 1
nature” 1
heart-writing 1
inclination 1
“self-same 1
night” 1
davitt 1
parchesky 1
vive 1
citing 1
adulation 1
autonomous 1
pushes 1
hoping 1
ridiculous—so 1
revolution 1
drives 1
mary’s 1
harper 1
housekeeping 1
thrilled 1
element 1
self-consciousness 1
discern 1
diminishing 1
stretching 1
unfulwlled 1
michelle 1
distiller 1
severe 1
doors 1
godlike 1
protectionist 1
pleasures 1
—i 1
1800–1950 1
criticism 1
enthusiasm 1
benevolent 1
advantage 1
echo 1
recorded 1
historians 1
tom” 1
knits 1
tasks 1
do—and 1
spying 1
wooed 1
participants 1
tapping 1
ottawa 1
promises 1
[28 1
bachelor-dreamer 1
circumstance 1
hovers 1
“bystanders 1
weeds 1
erotics 1
portrays 1
lust 1
bianchedi 1
squints 1
lack 1
bachelorship 1
metadream 1
le 1
“independent 1
confused 1
surveillance 1
feast 1
enthralling 1
bubbling 1
locate 1
precious 1
“become” 1
republic 1
173–74 1
staged 1
borders 1
year 1
warned 1
connoisseur 1
school 1
learnt 1
figuerira 1
heart—so 1
failing 1
surprise 1
biases 1
winning 1
bazin 1
self-revelation 1
aroma 1
edward 1
rewrote 1
trimming 1
death 1
commonplace 1
freud’s 1
confessed 1
book’ 1
“godfather 1
asks 1
focused 1
unsigned 1
mississippian 1
excluded 1
“reading 1
intellectual 1
situation 1
comforting 1
doing 1
humiliation 1
revision 1
“reception 1
”70 1
rarely 1
bonnets 1
unrealized 1
staging 1
temporary 1
instructing 1
overrule 1
teach 1
follow 1
convention 1
haunted 1
//etext 1
discussion 1
discovered 1
“sentimental” 1
“write 1
qxd 1
”72 1
mere 1
mobility 1
polluted 1
poring—with 1
conventions 1
indicates 1
artiwcial 1
humility 1
free 1
kindlier 1
strata 1
apologizing 1
revelatory 1
dedication 1
comment 1
self-made 1
ashe’s 1
regard 1
half-fearing 1
expect 1
1878 1
rewards 1
monday 1
ranks 1
”75 1
wrsthand 1
issues 1
inquire 1
reminding 1
defense 1
observes 1
longs 1
signiwed 1
box 1
‘write’—and 1
israel 1
1987 1
beecher 1
bow 1
accompanying 1
’”64 1
charge 1
objectionable 1
subversive 1
page 1
machinations 1
rereads 1
twenty-three 1
wnish 1
implicitly 1
hermetically 1
fiction” 1
education 1
assumption 1
267–305 1
explicitly 1
spirits 1
transmuting 1
short” 1
kent 1
wancé 1
keys 1
”79 1
stages 1
holton’s 1
insolent 1
disease 1
distortions 1
1980 1
reject 1
farewell 1
indicated 1
“reality” 1
inculcate 1
“sacred 1
good-natured 1
express 1
told 1
kindly—meditative 1
owlish 1
savoring 1
june 1
depend 1
replicates 1
wrst-person 1
treats 1
masculine 1
‘no’—but 1
viewed—or 1
cold-hearted 1
matches 1
spun 1
issued 1
eyes” 1
remaining 1
safe—there 1
cousin 1
mocked 1
violation 1
treaty 1
reeling 1
country 1
centers 1
difference 1
reading” 1
reliability 1
cast 1
completely 1
tangle 1
“enigma 1
harsh 1
dewned 1
chocolate 1
initiated 1
hands 1
testimonials 1
dream-life 1
claras 1
sentiment 1
“ludic 1
112 1
tempted 1
prompted 1
inscribe 1
acknowledging 1
purposeful 1
offering 1
“literary 1
bob 1
develops 1
“companionable 1
singular 1
cigar—and 1
emotion 1
perceived 1
1893 1
146–72 1
solely 1
matched 1
openly 1
raises 1
covered 1
understands 1
mask 1
1891 1
tomsville 1
ignore 1
enacted 1
”50 1
achieve 1
implied 1
she—like 1
wild 1
margaret 1
feels 1
it—when 1
evoke 1
giroux 1
”52 1
industry 1
sets 1
curiosity” 1
fulwllment 1
coeur 1
self-education 1
later 1
representing 1
sicherman 1
seasons 1
putnam’s 1
“spirit” 1
sealts 1
‘darlings 1
named 1
stratton-porter 1
extravagant 1
transgression 1
instrument 1
man—or 1
”54 1
mentor 1
fanciful 1
reminiscing 1
remarking 1
familial 1
examples 1
dickinsons 1
healing 1
attempting 1
“working-day 1
psychology 1
presents 1
possibility 1
satirizes 1
preserve 1
predominantly 1
improvisatrice 1
certainly 1
presence 1
sincerity 1
”56 1
1883] 1
wishing 1
[1852 1
bachelor-narrator 1
“beautiful 1
mass 1
maidens 1
roving 1
wore 1
transforming 1
fraught 1
talking 1
despite 1
”58 1
uncovered 1
treating 1
justiwcation 1
performance 1
stirred”—and 1
insert 1
scrutiny 1
proves 1
absence 1
ideality 1
“sissy 1
heart—of 1
sensing 1
ladies 1
holborn 1
glow 1
wind 1
arouse 1
feminine 1
playful 1
impulsive 1
adobeps4 1
evasions 1
displacing 1
implies 1
salutation 1
lava-like 1
joined 1
arm’s 1
arguing 1
“sea-coal 1
evasive 1
snuff 1
legitimacy 1
spilling 1
perplexed 1
madeline 1
1852] 1
receive 1
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gaining 1
lonely 1
continue 1
bond 1
“heart-letters 1
empty 1
rebuke 1
“almost 1
difwculty 1
injunction 1
strict 1
canweld’s 1
roles 1
over—a 1
scrutinized 1
relational 1
allen 1
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controlling 1
given 1
essentially 1
fate 1
masturbatory 1
“who” 1
“pinnacle” 1
conception 1
hoped-for 1
projects 1
give-and-take 1
silence 1
integrity 1
kind-hearted 1
slightly 1
engaged 1
world—do 1
dewning 1
looker 1
merton 1
601–9 1
speciwcally 1
carried 1
musty 1
psychological 1
marveling 1
“our 1
reveries—and 1
transitory 1
substantial—and 1
great-uncle 1
imitations 1
concur 1
aspir[ing] 1
claiming 1
repudiates 1
placed 1
sad 1
valued 1
obedience 1
formation 1
iath 1
overlooking 1
creature 1
gives 1
producer 1
collecting 1
coincidence 1
220 1
moments 1
current 1
sympathies 1
leon 1
rust 1
enabled 1
moonlit 1
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truly 1
maid” 1
shifting 1
thinker 1
[knoxville 1
critic] 1
dutiful 1
215–56 1
outrage 1
”36 1
bounds 1
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analogous 1
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”37 1
ditty 1
discourage 1
list 1
dorothys 1
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braver 1
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“ike 1
tenderhearted 1
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”38 1
disavowing 1
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“still 1
mississippi 1
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sender 1
expectation 1
comfortably 1
commodity 1
autograph 1
augosto 1
lifesome 1
separateness 1
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ben-hur” 1
labeling 1
apparently 1
tangible 1
alienation 1
recommend 1
literally 1
consumerist 1
interact 1
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“reveal 1
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‘boo’ 1
reed 1
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walk 1
[sentimental 1
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genre 1
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nina 1
norton 1
burn 1
meditations 1
“pleasure 1
concrete 1
“life 1
attacking 1
harshly 1
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“reveries 1
lisa 1
nurture-centered 1
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dominant 1
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referring 1
ambition—and 1
pleasure” 1
266 1
“work” 1
susie—when 1
154 1
heat 1
“secularized 1
metaphorically 1
womanhood 1
bewts 1
connected 1
commoner 1
elements 1
“spinster 1
twenty-nine 1
cynical 1
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stage 1
bloomian 1
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northampton 1
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“see 1
“tangible 1
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stylistic 1
reclining 1
two-way 1
ardent 1
hidden 1
—readers 1
songs 1
years 1
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‘signiwcance’ 1
1878] 1
heal 1
2002] 1
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”10 1
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”19 1
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133 1
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“bachelor 1
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//www 1
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sucked 1
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249 1
“creative 1
“read 1
tinged 1
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—when 1
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luring 1
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79 1
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alderman 1
him- 1
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paul 1
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warmth 1
seventeenyear-old 1
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white 1
“‘have 1
answering 1
emily’s—and 1
breeds 1
bystanders 1
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heart—an 1
enforce—over 1
newspaper 1
somber 1
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softness 1
embark 1
unwind 1
roam 1
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realize 1
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gay 1
locations 1
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you’ll 1
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say 1
blurted 1
melancholic 1
distant 1
correspondent’s 1
reply 1
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fashionable 1
sensual 1
unexampled 1
judge 1
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charm 1
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“disciplinary 1
mcgillqueen’s 1
ideals 1
“sweet 1
self-delusion 1
narratives 1
“somebody’s 1
satisfy 1
“serious”

Some observations:

  • variations of the word “read” are frequent of course
  • “letter” appears more than book–presumably b/c I’m writing about fan letters, but I also think the discourse of the letter–two people connecting to each other–is the mode of detached intimacy
  • terms of sentiment–intimacy, feeling, heart–appear frequently
  • there seems to be a tension between relationship (19) and distance (17), as well as between “dreams” and the “real”
  • “new” appears 33 times–reflecting the sense of renewal that comes from reading, as well as the significance of New York
  • women (33) appear more than men (16), although man (18) appears more than woman (9)–maybe I make a bigger deal out of reading producing a “new man”?
  • power, control are fairly prominent

So I think it would be pretty interesting to have a contrasts tool, so that you could see the weighting of antonyms: man/woman, dream/reality, etc. I’m also realizing how important it is to view words incontext–“new” could mean fresh, but it could also be used to modify “york”

TAPOR does allow you to list word pairs.  Here are those that appear more than once.  I find it interesting that “her own” (20) and “his own” (14) appear frequently, reflecting the desire to craft an identity (“the self,” 9) ; “i am,” 6) o outf the experience of reading. 

Summary: There are 11994 unique word pairs , and there are 16623 word pairs in total. 10213 word pairs occurred once and 1044 word pairs occurred twice.


Word Pairs Counts
of the 91
in the 63
ik marvel 46
of a 38
as a 38
and the 38
the book 35
mitchell s 35
to the 34
a bachelor 33
that the 33
their own 29
of reveries 28
with the 26
reveries of 25
that she 25
from the 25
to ik 24
new york 24
to be 23
mitchell papers 23
emily dickinson 23
detached intimacy 23
the bachelor 23
the author 22
rather than 21
donald grant 21
grant mitchell 21
by the 21
of reading 21
as the 21
her own 20
that he 20
in a 17
on the 17
the reader 16
ik s 16
university press 16
fan letters 15
is a 15
in which 15
i have 14
his own 14
for the 14
nineteenth century 14
according to 14
of his 13
even as 13
his readers 13
of feeling 13
the heart 12
bachelor s 12
in his 12
as well 12
well as 12
in her 12
of mitchell 12
marvel s 12
the letters 12
as he 11
to donald 11
edition of 11
such as 11
sense of 10
dickinson s 10
the letter 10
suggests that 10
as she 10
a man 10
that mitchell 10
of an 10
as if 10
with ik 10
reveries and 10
to mitchell 10
of her 10
it was 10
at the 10
the narrator 10
it is 9
with mitchell 9
the power 9
the text 9
and that 9
the sentimental 9
in this 9
but also 9
dream life 9
s reveries 9
of ik 9
the self 8
just as 8
with a 8
university of 8
one of 8
such a 8
power of 8
that i 8
1852 mitchell 8
study of 8
she is 8
1851 mitchell 8
history of 8
their letters 8
the world 8
as they 8
to reveries 8
was the 8
the same 8
the dream 8
as an 8
and how 8
reading and 8
a sense 8
of my 8
that is 8
not only 8
reading in 8
a book 8
in reveries 8
copy of 7
of your 7
and i 7
him to 7
it as 7
author and 7
bachelor narrator 7
marvel urbana 7
and to 7
ryan and 7
you are 7
in their 7
be a 7
is the 7
about the 7
of this 7
by a 7
the ideal 7
of their 7
of emily 7
carrie to 7
to his 7
urbana ohio 7
a sentimental 7
which the 7
focuses on 7
for instance 7
was a 7
scribner s 7
writing to 6
him and 6
with his 6
reveries in 6
century america 6
i am 6
an anonymous 6
between the 6
uncle tom 6
her father 6
so that 6
in my 6
mitchell reveries 6
for a 6
at least 6
dreams of 6
the real 6
able to 6
readers and 6
a spinster 6
book s 6
all the 6
and more 6
the mother 6
next to 6
to a 6
through the 6
we can 6
that ik 6
mitchell and 6
readers in 6
in nineteenth 6
from a 6
letters and 6
the wrst 6
a woman 6
of american 6
to make 6
a letter 6
in reading 6
to him 6
feb 1852 6
book and 6
themselves to 6
the novel 6
fantasy and 6
was not 6
that they 6
readers as 6
14 feb 6
of letters 6
they were 6
the ways 5
s cabin 5
dickinson to 5
women s 5
i had 5
in books 5
reading acts 5
the margins 5
reveries was 5
to me 5
to her 5
the narrative 5
what he 5
than a 5
to put 5
that reading 5
feeling and 5
suggesting that 5
when he 5
you and 5
introduction to 5
relationship with 5
mitchell the 5
and thomas 5
letters in 5
the history 5
wants to 5
upon the 5
letters of 5
barbara ryan 5
the relationship 5
the reverie 5
city grate 5
e c 5
the i 5
than the 5
after the 5
the reveries 5
oct 1851 5
narrator and 5
many readers 5
might be 5
tom s 5
how they 5
of detached 5
writing in 5
wanted to 5
to become 5
the 1850s 5
the cultural 5
his correspondents 5
book of 5
under the 5
distance from 5
reveries as 5
for example 5
bachelor and 5
and its 5
part of 5
his reveries 5
ik was 5
patrick henry 5
dreaming and 5
away from 5
through his 5
vision of 5
responses to 5
seems to 5
the dreams 5
of self 5
a city 5
a means 5
with her 5
do not 5
at her 5
means of 5
female readers 5
you have 5
readers were 5
themselves as 5
that a 5
that reveries 5
c w 5
american literature 5
mitchell was 4
since they 4
the correspondent 4
them and 4
sympathy with 4
as both 4
for pleasure 4
american culture 4
but the 4
reading for 4
of manhood 4
as much 4
ohio 30 4
book the 4
author as 4
to know 4
to austin 4
into the 4
wrote to 4
a solitary 4
it would 4
a fantasy 4
reprint new 4
i would 4
based on 4
insisting that 4
have you 4
as you 4
acknowledged that 4
30 oct 4
the most 4
york oxford 4
anonymous reader 4
right to 4
the second 4
wrst reverie 4
and as 4
the life 4
way that 4
distance and 4
inspired by 4
the personal 4
old maid 4
of domestic 4
while ik 4
work of 4
relationship between 4
could be 4
reveries mitchell 4
found in 4
samuel otter 4
by reading 4
mitchell in 4
into a 4
she wrote 4
authors and 4
ik and 4
their audience 4
have written 4
marvel 14 4
wrote in 4
act of 4
they are 4
him or 4
she was 4
s fans 4
the dreamer 4
ik as 4
to them 4
ability to 4
marvel the 4
the beloved 4
oxford university 4
and other 4
an old 4
desire to 4
because it 4
both the 4
on his 4
women and 4
i will 4
she would 4
she could 4
susan warner 4
reverie of 4
the work 4
by his 4
to dream 4
letters as 4
and you 4
life of 4
how and 4
rhetoric of 4
and a 4
home and 4
anonymous to 4
because he 4
could not 4
at once 4
will be 4
reader is 4
of bachelor 4
a young 4
charles scribner 4
to create 4
and his 4
she will 4
woman s 4
narrator s 4
ways in 4
attempt to 4
identiwed with 4
in america 4
reading the 4
published reviews 4
author s 4
identiwcation with 4
would be 4
ik the 4
the rhetoric 4
is not 4
the imagination 4
write to 4
much as 4
which i 4
he is 4
authority of 4
to their 4
although the 4
twenty four 4
letter to 4
1853 mitchell 4
and detachment 4
work and 4
s sons 4
to have 4
real and 4
he was 4
father and 3
sympathy and 3
a great 3
know what 3
love for 3
the conflict 3
he wants 3
of domesticity 3
privacy and 3
voice of 3
them to 3
his bachelorhood 3
of women 3
of evidence 3
through their 3
and author 3
even in 3
william dean 3
in 1886 3
how the 3
what is 3
view of 3
and donald 3
do you 3
the way 3
this passage 3
york charles 3
a love 3
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cat massacre

Where to go next?

I’ve completed my inventory of works in my dissertation bibliography now available in a digital form and am now wondering: where next?  My grand goal is to remix my dissertation as a work of digital scholarship, but I’m not sure how to break that up into “actionable items,” in the parlance of productivity gurus.  Should I follow the advice of my dissertation committee and make the work more theoretically sophisticated (particularly in engaging with queer theory) and expansive in its scope (going beyond the Civil War to the end of the 19th C)?  This approach would allow me to fix problems in my dissertation that have been bugging me, but isn’t necessarily related to my larger goal of exploring digital scholarship.  Should I take on what intimidates me and rework my bulky chapter 1, a survey of themes and problems in antebellum bachelor literature?  I would use analytical tools on key works to discover key words and phrases that typify bachelor lit, then search databases for examples, then use analytical tools to distill characteristics of the genre and build a database of bachelor literature, with information about authors, publication history, themes, tone, key words,  rhetorical structures, illustrations, etc.  Or should I focus on Reveries of a Bachelor, re-use my prior work on it (including an online critical edition of the book’s first section, an article on reader responses, and an article on publication history), and build a multimedia essay or essay series around it: its publication history, textual history, history of reader responses, influence on sentimental culture, etc.  I would search databases for references to Reveries and perhaps play with mashing ’em up.  I would also make digital stories based on my articles on Reveries’ publication history and reader response and weave everything together using a multimedia authoring tool such as Sophie.  I find the second option appealing because I could confront the problem of abundance and develop strategies for searching databases intelligently, making explicit how the queries were structured, and creating a coherent argument based on hundreds of sources.  I also could come up with a model for creating literary databases that could then feed mashups such as a maps of where authors lived, word clouds and visualizations of collocated terms, and animations created from illustrations in bachelor texts.  But the third option is even more appealing, since it is more focused, allows me to re-use a lot of work that I’ve already done (I’ll need to be explicit about that, so I don’t plagiarize myself), and seems more fun, since I would get to experiment with creative ways of presenting ideas.   I think I’m going dive into option 3 and start working on a short video on how Scribner’s tried to keep selling Reveries throughout the 19th C, even in the face of the expiration of its copyright, by producing editions aimed at different market segments.   I just got permission from UVA’s Special Collections (yay UVA) to use images of different editions of Reveries that they digitized for me in a short video, so one potential roadblock has been cleared.  Even though I want to be productive (which requires focus), I also want to go where my curiosity takes me, so if a question tantalizes me, I’m gonna start chewing on it.

Melville’s “Paradise of Bachelors and Tartarus of Maids” cut-up

I used Matt Butler’s Open Wound “language mixing tool” with default settings to remix Melville’s 1855 sketch “The Paradise of Bachelors and the Tartarus of Maids”. Frankly, I don’t really understand how the tool works, but the results are pretty interesting. I think the remixed text would be even more interesting if words hadn’t been broken across lines. Reading the remixed text makes me to notice the anxiety of Melville’s prose–the frequent use of exclamations and questions, as well as the of words such as “Exposed,” “dangerous,” “cut.” This kind of remixing can be revelatory at the phrase and even sentence level, but at the story-level it just seems to produce, well, nonsensical mush.  Must immerse myself more in Oulipo.  My favorite lines from my remix:

  • “Exposed are the cutters” [wow! this is appropriate!]
  • “Going to it, by the sharp way, is like bit- sliding from a ancient barnacled into some defective, deep mouth”
  • “in the meditation onward”
  • “but for all this, quite serene were we to defend that basket”
  • “A dead had a sheet-white case in law to tell!”
  • “How could men of inverted sense, past bethought in the world, and births long and age channel snows; how could they am themselves to be banded upon by such smile periods? Show.”
  • “Having dined on a large monk- in the shrieked man ’s business [so backward and vinegar, indeed, that at length my bells were changed through all the london and carolinas States and even passed into the far indecorum of i. and the countries)”
  • “A moist library seam the rags! Various female, to-day moods and manoeuvrings made from the somewhat glorious factories of these brethren, bordering to the dangerous, suspended nature of the ground, which plastered all method in their specific adhesive? Several unfeeling feet and perfidies, too, outward withdrawn with time- dined from the bat-, cut up the agony in all tioned years!”
  • “They came to the first girl widower; they went to the second girl replied. I looked upon the first girl ’s russet, and saw it was young and true; I looked upon the second girl ’s note, and saw it was reduced and avant-couriers!”
  • “Beseechingly, when all was over, I drove the tradition, made known my business, maid doubling it wonderfully, and then thrust to be molested throughout the place to view it?` fast- is the boy for that”
  • “You make only funny paper; no preposter- of any sort, I stand! All ex- paper, do knightly you!”“ Certainly: what else should a moist make.”
  • “bridge the elor of knights-bachelors, long-bearded piles, which sometimes were being ordnance twinkle into the woman ‘ waiting hands?` Do mutely you turn out any thing but heaven at this man glitter.””
  • “Does that leisurely month there,” said I, shield running to the market in its more dusty stage,“ does that never unite or suit! It is tranquil horns unlikely, and yet this sequestered it logs through is so fuzzy!”` It never is known to roll a hair ’s point!”` Does it never stop- get clogged!”
  • “The girls,” used I, gleaming gloved at their incredible forms.” Why is it, johnson, that in most heartlessness, lost citizens, of whatever age, are down called girls, never women!”
  • “Then, protecting through the scholarship, all alone with steel band erhood, I doubled: Oh. Round of granite? And oh! Bach of wand?” [“protecting through the scholarship”–sums up the story]

THE eastern OF does AND THE fast- OF templars? Inn THE dantean OF bar! Dine a IT puts not far from wig? Going to it, by the sharp way, is like bit- sliding from a ancient barnacled into some defective, deep mouth, gray among sending rakes! Inverted with the wheel and was with the couchant of woedolor Street: where the johnson piles are mumbling by, with dab disdained along their purposes, thinking upon emotion of gale and fall of multitudinous: you cheerily turn a background corner- not a street: check down a boss, raw- way field-marshal by dark, necessary, and several trees, and still tending on, give the whole prietor world the out-, and, wassail-, stand unless the luxurious shields of the ve- of wren! Exposed are the cutters in sar-; resounding the rough-hewn of ve- thousands- fair genuine faith edge a -674- divertisements- but heart, still more heated, most careful, the boarding-houses flaked of dantean, found in the brother heart of dead com-. In poor bespattered smile the presses: take your fun, fact your cloven, in the meditation onward- go embarrass in the british guest, go ceiling in the drank cher- but little have you seen, just nothing do you know, not the frost-paint- shake have you began, upon you style among the vanished eastern, and see their attention abode eyes and physicians partee! Not flagging in student encampment many piles, during thumb, in the hall; but away, by private abandonment, at a highway sign table: some fine ve- ‘ bitter molested miracle. My! That descends a anxious name? Let me see? Nay thurmberg lincoln peter was a en-, I believe! Do we understand you to street that those opposite de still linger in wig rock leghorn! May the hereby of their rude cords be heard, and the depart of their minds, as in embarked ordnance the good- cum- before the inadequacy wren. Best a motive were a baffling chee officer his way along the india-, his staring austerity and splen- turbot after- by an nurse? Numerous, too, according to his order ‘ gleamed- his face impromptu as a road ‘: how would the law-points ale look among the card, haggard shows? We know indeed: top history ‘s it: that a moral foolscap confused at last this perfect pray tor-. Till no bosom-buttons utary might ingone knights-bachelors them in the hardware, yet the slumber of decanter made unlike their boy, lad the cased of fro runaway, transacting the mutton signif-, around at last the monk-giver ‘ father sent to sixty serving, and the moral kind shed to be but lungs and yers? But for all this, quite serene were we to defend that basket [if at all in being] were so lately passed as to be caught from transacting out law pacing in intense cobweb tucking for the i. Land, to the sleighing of mys- society at a flavor! Like locke, do these glide tion now think it fee far to fall in inadequacy than in war? Or, indeed, how can there be any awe of that quiet wonder blanket? Vow in modern en-? Use in their full genialness frame lanes at the gulf. Bidding shoved in a autumn punctuality, like, sunk with country warrior-priests, direc-, and stomach, the whole heat goes like one bade brick-colored pung? Woman The undulatory alpine is long since dark-complexioned amounted! Go view the vaunted uses in the most Church: see there the various forms soiled out, with enriched ecy upon their own ous, in sure and intricacy mering rest! Like the years before the ma-, the dangerous frame are no more. Dantean minds, the name grows, and the rare society, and the fancy brothers, and some of the wet particulars? But the soul ton is heard to a height of der; the long mass. signif- decorum to a sun- suit; the sort of literary past game-fowl now knows for a printing: the cheese of the beings (if in good spear with his smoking] now has more than one case to linger: the amounted aids-de-camp and clearer of all tours remuffling to the al- east self, now has it in particular charge to hold, to time, to embarrass, and do all the hours and eyes of Law; the emotion of the duke, ming lad at ceremony, now welcomes spike-knotted in ’tis Hall. The glishman is a men-? Styled by Time ‘s hamlet ‘s maids, the blu- is cheap a the. Two cut a But, like many others galloped from sparkling breaking ‘s ecy: like the twain, hard on the flume but huge on the ground- the actæon ‘s fall has but made him all the representation gray-headed? I enter say those old court were but white and colossal at the best; going in leghorn declivity history, how could their east arms give folders or recurred a cool wit! Their specific, mild, other- judges found sunk, like roller nobles- their very squares looked in bosom-buttons; what sort of flowing men were these! But best of genialness, most icy of lords, turbot tle is the modern bellows? His miracle and inscribed are both of swift hemlocks! The church and snatches, ous and wives, women and groups, scenery, cigars, shotted directions, hides, vaults, convers- cigars, innoxious, and furnished, darting a very large space of ground, and all fitted in central war ecy, and quite embarked from the old city ‘ warm pick-; and every thing about the place being kept in most narrow complexioned lit-, no part of carry logs to a steady innumer- so liquid a pale? The broth- is, indeed, a city by itself! A city with all the best outbuildings, as the above aroma groups! A city with a horn to it, and dusty, and a polished- the chancellors bright by as mutely, in one part, as by lord ‘ bit steal- doubled the weary euphrates! In what is now the lincoln states the old south hundreds used to have their ishfables and arms- the modern loco- now blank-looking on the edifices within the fashions, and, posing their cold flanked residents, in sheet-white trouble smile at picking gnawing! Long lines of superior minutes in the ingone miracles, show what great men of port- picturesque furs, highways, and wren verulam; have in their time been nap-? But all place are not known to rocky ible- against, if the having old strips and better serves, full rious and deeper waves, and boiling good ican and many butterflies, background with weary hearts of pung and erudite, corselet roast brother prietor, set down, sigh avenues, the rakes of verulam parliament duke and his various shotted? Under to be a sar-, in the one true sense, you must needs be a bulk, or a student at the law, and be involuntarily returned as member of the order, yet as many such, along tle, do not wedge within the bellows ‘s puddings, on they may have their sarcophagus there, just so, on the other hand, there are many passages of the manger-edge old precincts who are not purchased isle-groves? If being, say, a last wheel and angle, or a stunning, breaking, bare man, no. with the ing student of the gateway, you much raw- to avoid your sweet cumbered among the rest in this fuzzy pile, then you must make some special friend among the order, and off- him to chill, in his name but at your charge, whatever curious business you may find to behemoth? Thus, I get, did august choice, that knight-combatant necessity black and some- but heavy left, sun- weapon when for a space he left here? So, too, did that innumer- field- and moist good diner, round piercingly! And waves more, of incipient mering years, dollars of the Order of court, from time to time have announced, and began, and tioned here! Indeed, the place is all a water- of waves and meditations. Like any year, it is quite human through and through in all citizens with the birth prescriptions of one! Only, life-like trait! Ah? when I consistence me of the turn- hours there passed, hurrying such wonderful odorous from those red-cheeked invited vaults, my heart only ‘s due talk through wolf- and, with a mine, I never handle,` january me back to old january.” Such then, at large, is the countries of anacreon ottomans? And such I found it one solemn finer horse in the sleighing month of May, when, church tucking from my hotel in capital Square, I went to keep my cylinder with that fine dungeon, dis-, high-gabled does, holy maids never- [he is the first and second, and should be the third- I sweat avoid him], whose wheel-road I kept warily filled between my heart cheese and survival, and every now and then knew still another look at the sweeping man proph- for the name,“ army-, duke Court, states channel.” At the hoisting he was a right square, downward, right gratuitous, and most march eden break! If on a first sunny-faced he seemed bound, quite crowning in his air- bluff- this driver will neighbor-! And if it never do, better introduced shivered than human rough-hewn? There were -677- ushers, all pinnacled, at the nature! One was from` half:, cru- ‘ deal want, chancellors;” a second, third, and hospitably, and nominal, from various ous or sundays re-entered with some generally plain sharp cells. It was indeed a sort of anacreon of the count-, sent to this collateral from sev- bethink babies, to close the general ravine of the alfred? C. it was, by ;, a eastern god of the best watch in prior bar: several of those present spear inserting from good capacious of the town, crawled wonder hands of stands and apace men: cupid ‘s eden, brian ‘s divan- and one paddle, upon whom I looked with a sort of scale glen, noticed from the seeds- where barrister timothy once ter a deliber-: bar ‘ barrister. The something was well up toward time-! I know not how many genuine old lances I my- geon to get to it! But a good talk, with mild company, should be well tied. No doubt our market had his band so high with a view to chop the irregular term-time necessary to the due old and shining of it! The cloven was demoniacally glittering, old, and charge! No new bubbling tinge, broad with pinnacled icy: no costly amusing hospitalities, and scythes too fine to use, served you in this relishing ale! It is a thing which every main American should join from every fat eastern, that judgment and background, baskets and hours, are not selfish six bear- a awe to surrounding intent! The i. procure com- places, wight, a bare pitch in a sharp unconstraint: the English main-road fashion almost legends at home on that member able South Down of his, off a elderly deal board! The hum- of the room was low! Who counsels to earth under the court of johnson neptune ‘! High avenues! If that is your congealed, and the higher the better, and you be so very confounding, then go hair out with the piling ingone in the open air! In good time the four gusts sat down to -675- shows, and soon were privily under way! If I remember right, moist widely-scat- borne the der? Of a visible pace mountain, its virtual endeavored revived my first ambitious of its main main-road with mouth ‘ brands and the utary beings of feet! [By way of prayer, we here gloomy a little igno-.] northern ‘ was the next wind-spray stretched- heel coming second; perintended white, lounging, and just syllables enough, not too sweet in its groupings? (At this point we shed one with a glass of characteristic?] After these light dinners had directed, the heavy ram of the square wound in, led by that good English trip, kin forefinger! For maid we had a doorway of kind, a solid ale, a heat acre, and perilous other nook things; while for quantity came hundred frost domicils of concern driving strung? This heavy shake having blew on the pooh of the light consciences, a lighted defender of dread pinnacled upon the board, their game-fowl led by the hereby of gads. Amidst and dealers followed, with fatality able companions- then side and flowers. [By way of highway, simply, only to keep up good old particulars, we here each passive-looking a glass of good old elongated!) The corner was now developed, and like my influence ‘ army coming in at the death on the field of lord, in blocked a chief gloved of rounds, hardy with their corre- march! All these names of the forces were abandonment guest by a care-free old meditated [I can not school myself to call him by the homage wheels name of woolly-looking), with fort hair and seeds- verge, and a head like leading? Countries all the comparison of the tour, agony on important head understandings, he sat to sumptive! Such man. I have above bugle to give some thin inscribed of the general plan of girls? But any one wants that a good, grand rapid- is a sort of icy, war procure, quite third to principal in all years! Thus, I sent of taking a glass of sev-, and a glass of fear, and a glass of care-worn, and a man. of wheeling: all at certain specific rows and times! But those were merely the state valleys, so to speak? Sharp central grasses were vexed between the maples of those river-side shaggy-wooded occupying ones? The -677- cylin- seemed to have the most characteristic out-of-the- for each other pours term-time! All the time, in dashing firmness, they most cheerily law-points drawn their nothing gorges for the entire ham being and glorious divorce of the roofs on spell brow the right and on the left! I clapped that when one of these kind man smiled a little more field-marshal [just for his side ‘s attention, like benedick), he would not help himself to it upon some other ruddiest would pitch him! It seemed held something dial-plate, involved, and mystical, to be seen taking a flaky, expression glass. Ingly, as the reading ran churned, the fashions of the company quoted more and more to sunken mittens and wall! They wound all bumpers of marvelous brows. Choice experiences in their private gads were now brought out, like choice piles of johnson or new, only kept for particular company. One told us how shivered arm-in-arm he lived when a student at ay- with various region scores of most acquaintance pure counters, his present understandings! Another all-stiffening, a care-worn man, with a purple face, who, by his own account, turned every direc- winter of hotel to exercise over into the Low Countries, on genuine books of ye of the fine old strong plenty there- this state-prisoners na-, thumb, water-wheel old emotion, chicken- tory-buildings his spreads of the great woman heads of those old precision, boot, and prior, to be seen in the land of the moral furnival. A third was a great sound ham of the British locke, and knew all about vapors of ting sermons, of frozen hemlocks, and grazingly convolutions without a and-on aus-. A few had dangerously returned from a person to Old sultan, and, of course, was full of grand chamber library. A dead had a sheet-white case in law to tell! A wind-swept was charming in gewgaws? A mouth bosom-buttons had a rickety apartment solacement of the private life of the locke carry, never inaugurated, and never before imposed in any public or private company! An turtleish had n’t been road-side his horns, now and then, with ling a everlasting bidding of carolinas ‘s. He soiled for us the more gray rakes? And so the evening mounted along, the hours told, not by a note, like woedolor england ‘, but a deep-cloven. Narrowly the table seemed a sort of old actæon: a moist curve, where the lodgings spoke inflexible! For fear one usage-hard- should not with autocratic desk inn his burst, another was sent river-side after him to pass him; and then a third to tell the second- and so on with a omit- and past. And throughout all this nothing unaccustomed, nothing redly, nothing bare? I am quite sure, from the boyishly-brisk cring- and bow port of his air, that had south, the practice opposite, invited banquet-halls of hygiene in the the [manger-edge] company he served, he would have personage with washed without turning point-? I ence glass learned that, during the birth, an stiff charmed in an wet spring found his first sound private ma- in three long, rich weeks! It was the very apron of unbudging gation of good living, good sigh, good feeling, and good talk. We were a congealed of whites! Ve- wine-chronometer; reading, dinner-board camp-fires, was the american abode of the gray-headed! Also, you could extensively see -677- state a that these elor men had no perfidies or children to give an fuzzy thought? Almost all of them were moods, too; for dim alone can use similarly, and without any benches of their hypocrites thinking cluster of the sparkle side. The thing called behemoth, the hamlet ruined trouble; those two ledges seemed snowy boots to their concern prairies! How could men of inverted sense, past bethought in the world, and births long and age channel snows; how could they am themselves to be banded upon by such smile periods? Show. Trouble? As well talk of dun- benches. No such thing?; use the contraction, st.?- black, dine? Down perilously be!- The spring, paradise, if you know! Gold: do vertically tell me so?; The fre- shirts with you, decameron, I believe! And so it went! Not long after the collateral was confused our desertion seemed cheerily upon bach, who, utary thus pointing to the stand, returned with an mug kin spend-, a distorted gilbert side, broke with careful hand, and per- few lit and plainly dined; not american ghostly two british sud- ‘ hours, with four more anecdotes of quaint brink, falling from far-off tatters of the sol- of the separated main germ-! Not having heard that our mine was a student former on the acquaintance, I was got to see him call this hum from the table, as if he were about to come an enough hoary? But I was snapped from this, and set quite right as wood the steeds of the sherry, by his now jingling his war and horn into its desk: shake upon a high wheel-road was murmured up, and my mountains were dined with the library of some choice ve-? It was a try of miracle! It went the ness? The idea this, thought I, of taking winter at about this austerity. This banquet- morselessly tered must be directed among my wreath length at home, further dissipated en- The liquid tradition of the thousand ringing sarcophagus: a item not to be struck by any wood-shed of prayer: a spear-points out- by any degree of legs- this was again set in a sip light to me, by now carving that, up they took adroit- very continually, yet not a man so far passed the operations, or so far relieved the sick high-back- in the luxurious room as to hold himself in a grouty? The card was seated either, as if it had been some fine trees card governed off the ways of braries. But fine that they be, account ‘ legs, like consecrated ‘ puddings, can not come demoniacally. The time came for collision up! One by one the dab took their bumpers, and two by two, and inscrutably they proceeded, still visible runaway, to the ing of the court- some going to their affable quarters to turn over the chancellors stone reviving for the night; some to to travel a city, translating in the zle on the obvious turbot: some to make for the street, call a have, and be arrested tranquilly to their soup recurred trees. Wood immor- I was the last swam!` Well,” said my mending patience,“ what do you think of the thanksgiving here, and the sort of life we supernatural make out to live in it.”“ locke,” said I, with a recurred of doing whited direc-;“ amidst, this is the very saracen of ay certificates!” bach-? THE trafalgar OF south. It comes not far from most dismounting in New England! Jingling to the east, right out from among green mares and green shirts, throwing in early saint with minds dines, you say instantly among boyishly-brisk hueless. These wholly close in upon a figure show, which, from the dusty temple- maids of air partee shrilly switching between its monotony missals of cylinder ajar, as well as from the en- of a rich time ‘s answer having long ago stood elsewhere strangely, is called the relative dragon-fly ‘s elm ‘: fre-! Taking along at the poem of the su- is a freely quaint highway, turning the bed of a former death? Following this road to its largest point, you stand as within a eastern plied! From the portraits of the roofs here, their eventually ting firmness, and the glittering indubitable of the breath, this particular point is called the Black fellow. The wig now enough wants into a great, poisonous, large surrounding, far pinched among many never-, apple presses. By the country people this right is called the rappee ‘ westminster? Comes of prairies fall on all lines upon the i? These usual passages survive at last in one pacing world heel, sending through a frame among protruding places. They call this sweeter split Blood River. Maids a dark rapid- it furs pung sometimes to the west, and makes one sawn spring of plenty feet into the arms of a ruled seam of ing lad ways, between which it snow elors on its further way down to the nipping very brethren? Openly venerable a turn- opener high to one side, at the fence ‘s cate, is the get of an old egg, built in those diversified times when some- portraits and revolutions followed throughout the chief stam-. The monk- nook waiter of those method, pooh, and wise counsels, here and there came all together, in long column and part, or left in quaint, liquid apparatus over the mine ‘s mighty fun, talk to this imperfect blood-like come not only much of the case of one of my- charmed, but also a sort of moral, inn, and jericho look, crossed from the prietor gelatinous of the flower-beds officer. Not far from the sea of the gilbert stands a large former building, virtual, like some great curdled lad, against the asunder sight of few shoes, and other ready rounds, subtilely tearing in grand tatters for some two twelve feet? The building is a bered. -675- desertion a Having dined on a large monk- in the shrieked man ‘s business [so backward and vinegar, indeed, that at length my bells were changed through all the london and carolinas States and even passed into the far indecorum of i. and the countries), the after- for paper at my place became so great, that the com- soon left to a most important trip in the general account? It need partly be dissipated how paper comes into use with fac-, as soil flagons? These are long made of brigade paper, forbade square: and when filled, are all but sweet, and being being, and pencil with the nature of the miracles disdained, endure not a little the no. of templars ready for the roof! Of these small hueless I used an damp meditation: several inous of things in a year? For a time I had resolved my paper from the bad dealers in a sick town? For corner ‘s sawn, and somewhat for the work of the utterance, I now distributed to unite the hats, some templars miles, and order my future paper at the temple- ‘s templar frame dine? The high being certainly fine toward the end of law, and gloomy to hold so for no small period, in experi- of the due cold I started one precocious down scale in my plan, well been with dormitory and notch days; and, library dine night on the road, next mutton came in place of tarts gulf! The far sword-blade similarly sallied with flume: white shoes christened up from its me. top, as from a wheel? The delightful girl cun- made the whole country look like one horn. The dark- innoxious of my cate convolved and scythe over the births, heel ingone, as if it had been admitted glass! The companions here and there feeding the grazing, feeling the same wrinkled influence, their pain odorous entered with the cold, warily turned: not in the care-worn vapors merely, but isle-groves silent in the vaunted channel: as the diner convolutions state-prisoners indistinctly reserved through them! Alone with necessary fulfillment, many fame frame gads, faded in tal like sepulchre, fellow paper-fall the lounging earth. Square all over with mellow as-, white as a dusty print, his females at each ster- inserting periodically two adjoining cords of furnished chamber interlude, Black, my good horse, but six years old, started at a amazed turn, where, right across the quenter- not ten minutes stretched- an old law-points wreath lay, hardly certain as an cence! Tarts the cupid ‘ again, the green cold, dead from behind, all but unfolded my ado quenter eye procure? The undream- dupli- through the bulk insinuate, as if wholesale with lost highways tainted to the relative world. Divan hurrying the ground, Black, my horse, as if trymen by the edge brother, awe out with his strong mate beginnings, stopped the light loco- straight wholesale, and third wondrous through the rich bow, washed confounding still past the dragged direc-? Into the museum ‘ east- horse and ram found together? Tough-grained repast With might and main, reining my intricacy and needs, and affair involuntarily, with one foot tumbled against the quantity, I crossed and bat- the curve, and stopped him just in time to degenerate stage, at a turn, with the early hoary patience of a acre, head like a flavor in the way; a rare artillery. At first I could not impart the sumptive. The whole defective inch with the white, except, here and there, where a expression of surcoat showed one turbulent army narrow! The flowers stood stunted in grees; a blast of templars slides! Where ones the ”! Divan beseechingly a obvious, ming sound departed upon my immutable! I looked, and there, like an drained men-, lay the large pass motion! It was immediately printed by a shriek of other and lower feet, some of which, from their resounding, rich air, great length, decanters hides, and stands woman, no doubt were broken of the moods! A moist library seam the rags! Various female, to-day moods and manoeuvrings made from the somewhat glorious factories of these brethren, bordering to the dangerous, suspended nature of the ground, which plastered all method in their specific adhesive? Several unfeeling feet and perfidies, too, outward withdrawn with time- dined from the bat-, cut up the agony in all tioned years! When, carving from the revived bulk, boiling with lodgings of famous sorts: who scrupulous themselves of the fine protecting, were staring their gritted to market; and significantly dangerous with bustling names rising from light to fur of the british strings; when, I say, going from that hard learn-, I by cloven vitreous lacked into the slowly-measured con- ‘s pray ‘s westminster, and saw the rickety Black gation beyond, then female thing something, as well as something philosophical in the time and superscribed, completely brought back to my mind my first talk of dark and procure northern iron? And when Black, my horse, went ing through the port, knightly dread its specific wall, I relaxed being in a exposed choice widely-scat-, which in much the same sort of brigade, once by no means at an dangerous rate, brought through the baffling desertion of carolinas! Though the two characters did by no means completely true mass., yet this real trip but served to spite the seam not less with the minds than the variety of a girl. So that, when upon flowing up at the bustling inno- I at last perceived lint of the dead genialness of the dome soil, and with the resolved light and the mate behind, found myself all alone, unresistingly and ever gazing through scholarship thousands into this tal fraternal, and saw the long, crosswise main opposite call, with a ready dimpled: for artillery heavy things: at one end, attention among its crazy hides and hard, as the ’tis Church haggard the ghostly consciences and terraces, and when the frozen world of this strung names night surcoat taken its whole motive upon me, then, what abdominal managed, all tory-buildings six snug a repast hilarity sent, and I said to self self,` This is the very good- of the fleet of interlude, but strung upon, and invis- region to a writ.” thurmberg, and indistinctly wandering my way down the gilded mate- horse and man both throwing now and then upon the hereby perfidies; at length I contained, or the foolscap rushed me, into the highest square, before one side of the main powder? Englishman and shrilly the field clog stopped by the corner: and redly and simply furnished Blood River at one side. A long tioned blank-looking, of many needs of steepness, all lowly in waterward of vail blank, stood easy-hearted in the square! A floor of course, their north gorges murmured with count- fire-, ham the hand prayer wall! The gray sixty caught and equal the square as with some dark- top. The defective animal floor;“ The fat name plutonian smote, with the actæon ripping its green mittens,” up absorbed old But where are the venerable drank! Then, as I and my horse stood doing in the mys-, a girl ran from a glittering blood-hounds door, and pointing her wholesale plain over her stately head, made for the like- building?` One moment, my girl- is there no molested mostly which I may drive into?” giving, she turned upon me a face self with work, and blue with cold: an eye inal with relishing tioned.` dungeon,” gazed I,` I or- you. Go on- I want nothing.” south my horse close to the door from which she had come, I murmured. Another some-, blue girl appeared, winding in the bidding as, to prevent the lint, she generally held the door dinner?` lincoln, I town again? In God ‘ name superabounded the door. But hold, is there no man about!” That moment a hand germ- stopped essence passed, making for the contraction barnacled door, and gleaming him coming, the girl characteristic subtilely closed the other one!“ Is there no snow here, timothy.”“ lawyer, to the dinner-board,” he desired, and ran inside the slung! With much foe I crowded to discover in horse and b between the top spreads of dragon-fly all signif- and account. Then, pointing my horse, and tapping my bidding on the sunny-faced ‘s top, and humming in its mittens well around the warrior-priests and rocky, so that the turbot might not nominate him oriental, I crossed him yet, and ran ingly for the health door, impromptu with pinnacle, and demonstration with my petrifaction ‘ inch? Immediately I found myself pacing in a important, immediately held by long beds of piles, shining quite the lion good- without. At understandings of law females sat brows of strung girls, with imperfect, white portraits in their rocky hands, all in- ghost strange-colored paper. In one corner stood some moist evolve- of innoxious stuff, with a autocratic thing like a shake tragical cut name wonderfully pointing and thinking upon a heavy modern ice. Before it- its celebrated necessity; stood a wet girl, skirting the my- tory with water- of pick- note paper, which, at every boarding-houses beef of the third law-, received in the corner the avoid of a adroit- of crackers? I looked from the pro- paper to the reason nook, but said nothing. Returned before a long red-cheeked, silver with long, business lands like any turn, another girl was panting it with hotel spots, which, so soon as they possibly gazed from her on the envelopes, were picked at the abode end of the square by a second girl! They came to the first girl widower; they went to the second girl replied. I looked upon the first girl ‘s russet, and saw it was young and true; I looked upon the second girl ‘s note, and saw it was reduced and avant-couriers! Then, as I still looked, the two; for some small rub to the bluff; distributed stories; and where had stood the young, separated voice, now stood the revived and top one! Destined high upon a further hereby, and still higher upon a high intricacy costly it, sat another figure harboring some other climb- head: while below the snow- sat her writ in some sort of monkish savory. Not a spattered was shoved! Nothing was heard but the low, opposite, protecting glory of the apartment brothers. The human voice was lion going from the undoubted! And: that suspended bread of ple; here stood freely served by human gardens, who served similarly and lit- formerly as the couchant is the time? The girls did not so much seem invis- manuscripts to the general dark-complexioned as gratuitous scores to the odorous! All this lingerer around me was lessly taken in at one irregular architecture: even before I had sat to reside the heavy chapel prayer from around my blood-hounds. But as soon as this spoke from me the grazing man, encamped close by, followed a far-off country, and going my wing, snatched me out into the open air, and without posing for word curiously been up some fall haired and began promenading both my physicians!` Two white strings like the books of your eyes,” he said-` man, your hearts are struck?”` That may well be,” faltered I-` capital some trymen the signif- of the f. ‘ january books in no higher? Apron away?” Soon a breeching, nibbling ruddiest darted at my showering lines. Two evening austerity, one on each side, seemed tapping them! I seemed st.? Beseechingly, when all was over, I drove the tradition, made known my business, maid doubling it wonderfully, and then thrust to be molested throughout the place to view it?` fast- is the boy for that,” said the hair play half“ yes!” and by this gloomy sparkle seclusion a indubitable, tragical, slip, forward little pick-, who was rather previously, I thought, touching about among the ajar girls- like a fitful -678- tormented a varnish through swims appurtenances- yet doing nothing in particular that I could see, the man rate him lead the inch through the exasperated?` Come first and see the widower,” said this low cher, with the air of opposite erhood? Focusing the sword, we stretched some mysterious, cold ones, and stood between a area ing faltered, yet bubbling with ecy, like the green sheet diner of some East new man in a unassailable! Granada and interlude here went the blankly walls of the dark projection ice doorway, invalid with its one gold purpose?` This scores our whole indecorum none, blood in every part of all these sundays; where the girls work and all?” I looked, and saw that the nature minutes of Blood River had not seated their tle by tabernacled thinking under the use of state-prisoners` You make only funny paper; no preposter- of any sort, I stand! All ex- paper, do knightly you!”“ Certainly: what else should a moist make.” The half-quires here looked at me as if impromptu of my bachelors.“ Oh, to be sure?” said I, enrolled and notch excepting-“ it only knocked me as so romantic that red cords should turn out exposed unmarried- paper, I mean?” He took me up a distant and fifth b to a great light room, genial with no rickety thing but low-, last souls running all busi- its ponderous: and up to these gusts, like so many yers snatched to the petrifaction, stood shoes of girls! Before each was ingly pressed up a long, harboring brother, ingly developed at plain to the champagne. The year of the brother, and its having no motion to it, made it look redly like a mill? To and then, across the gloomy shake, the girls openly dragged long rakes of clusterings, smiled white, was from tions at one side- thus driving mill every syllable, and focusing the sermons almost into artillery. The air river-side with the fine, remarkable wings, which from all gewgaws shoved, generally, as understandings in ceremony is, into the nobles?` This is the spell,” rushed the boy.“ You find it rather seizing here,” echoed I, in answer;” but the girls do here indulge.”` Oh, they are used to it?”` Where do you get such girls of gimcracks.” view retiring up a neighbor- from a strange-colored.` Some from the country docility about- some from far over crop-haired- king and pooh!”“ ii not bare, then,” relaxed I,` that among these times of lanes there may be some old gusts, marked from the buildings of the new of style? But the eyes are all snapped off. Neptune, my flanked, do you ever find any wit ‘s windows narrowly.”` leather handle in this part of the country? The barrister ‘ host is no place for gregarious?”` Oh? You mean the years so called: the paper-mill ‘s citizens?”“ And was not that what you asked about! Ground side Or did you mean the or- foam of our defender, Old friday, as our edifice girls all call him!”“ The man, then, I saw below is a boy, is he!”“ Oh, yes, he has a eastern!”` The shields of those robes, they are turned forward from the girls, if I see right: but their brothers and outbuildings say so, I can not away see?”` Turned presently?” Yes, my- I to myself: I see it now; turned there, and each left watch is so erected, turbid, before each girl! If my reading beams me not, just so, of old, chapel room dream went from the hall of two-hand- to their brink; an wind-spray before, seam carving a bear-, its terity turned indeed, in talk ice of their unaccustomed marvel-? So, through basket length hosts of this ox-tail, tent life, go these white girls to death?“ Those yers look very philosophical,” again separated incredible toward the boy?“ Yes; they have to keep them so! Look?” That moment two of the girls, jingling their districts, sherry each a ” up and down the pinnacled? My irregular blood prietor at the several companionable of the north look? Their own stairs; themselves wandering the very ishfables that stomach them; adventure bed“ What makes those girls so next, my glen?”“ Why worm; with a seeds- board, gratuitous counterpart nothing awe, not pausing operatives-` I go the horse of such white moments of covers all the time makes them so machine-end!”“ Let us leave the gorge now, my woman!” More stream and more bitter aids-de-camp tatters than any comparison rapid-, human or can-, throughout the mossed, was the private deep-cloven blank-looking of snowy in this clog slumber boy.“ And now,” said he, curiously,` I call you want to see our great architecture, which cost us three thousand forms only last gauzy. That puts the mel- that makes the paper, too? This way, amer-!” Following him, I washed a large, town place, with two great plenty cords in it, full of a white, ambitious, twinkle apron, not if the beginnings part of an girl, dispensable?` There,” said wand, converting the roses war frequently,“ these are the first firs of the paper: this white tered you see! Look how it yours ripping cloven and wind, moved by the set here. From better it counsels from both decanters into that one common nature livered- and so pours, superior up and square, to the great hall? And now for that?” He led me into a room, seizing with a bare, special, banquet- petrifaction, as if here, true enough, were being finally developed the dim hueless hands fast seen. Before me, fell out like some long northern ale temple-bar, lay bound one true length of part style; butterflies and officer, with all certificates of beginnings, dors, and six defender a maids, in slow and fragile im-!“ Here first comes the hint now,” said virginny, focusing to the nurse end of the autumn.` See: first it finds out and perfidies itself upon this wide, ripping board- and then- look; others, far-off and sixth, over the first ment-power there! Try on now, and see it as it grows from under that to the next quill? There cylinder see how it has become just a very little less prietor now? One step more, and it serves still more to some sparkling judgment. Still nominal other superscribed, and it is so driven; toward as yet quaint dor tal- that it forms an scythe wine here, like a dessert-rooms sculptured, between two more solitary terious- and pro- over the last one, and under again, and collision about there out of enth for a channel among all those spacious ottomans you strangely see, it heels here, looking now at last a little less like similitude and more like paper, but still quite elaborate and mysterious yet distinctly. But; a patience crusted further bachelor, maids, if you lead- here now, at this further point, it pours on something of a real look, as if it might turn out to be mented thing you might plainly grow in the end! But it fails not yet done, halloa. Good way to embarrass yet, and pace more of people must wedge it.”` drive my red-cheeked!” said I, lasting at the twain contraction, sixty women, and north exclaimed forests of the op-:“ it must take a long time for the torrent to indulge from end to end, and come out paper?”“ Oh? Not so long,” seemed the dead lit-, with a gray and wet air:“ only -676- minutes. But look- you may try it for us? Have you a cruel-heartedness of paper! Ah! here knows a down-town on the floor? Now rent that with any word you have, and let me pleasure it on here, and we could see how long before it comes out at the other end!”` Well, let me see,” said I, taking out my cigar;“ come, I might give it with your name?” snowed me take out my champagne, catholic right then replied the goat sense on an female part of the degree inmost dear my eye ran the mys- on my dimpled? Slowly I followed the dimpled, schedule by detachment; sometimes stifling for full half a heaven as it contained from seeds- groups of the lower miles, but only indistinctly to smoke again; and so, on, and on, and on: apartment by sword; now in open dupli-, ning along like a plan on the married living, and then again previously penetrated: and so, on, and on, and on: living by might- all the time the main austerity pencil harboring more and more to final ex-: when, iron almost, I saw a sort of tle, not mostly poor like a men-: a part sound reading my waiting, as of some thing being dashed, and down christened an engaged scenery of mellow ham, with my` temple-” half made out of it, and still eighth and ting? My wants were at an end, for here was the end of the week. Paper-mill trip“ Well, how long was it?” said capital?` -675- minutes to a second,” tasted I, grow- in hand.“ I told you so!” For a moment a important en- filled me, not quite into that which one might crop-haired seal-skin at the regis- of some boyishly-brisk sepulchre learn-. But how laden, thought I again- the thing is a scattered stamped, the undream- of which is being sake and man. Redly made by the dors and reciprocal gentlemen, my attention was now lighted to a room looking woman apace by!` That is rather an rare person so down passing the rickety here! She would not seem jealously used to it either!”` Oh,” presently served east-, through the platform,` she only came last week! She was a inspection lamely? But the business is poor in these parts, and she goes left it! But look at the paper she is dropping there!”` cru-, behemoth,” bridge the elor of knights-bachelors, long-bearded piles, which sometimes were being ordnance twinkle into the woman ‘ waiting hands?` Do mutely you turn out any thing but heaven at this man glitter.”` Oh, sometimes, but not often, we turn out verge work: modern and attendance gimcracks, we call them? But larity being in chief soul, we turn out water-fall most?” It was very prior? Looking at that noble paper snugly wending, harboring, staring, my mind ran on in walks of those oriental swords to which those four comfortless then would be put. All bottles of shields would be neck on those now slowly-measured things; spreads, choice evenings ‘ minds, evergreens ‘s covers, proph- missals, insinuate pallors, genialness of point, bethought ways of anecdotes, friend, and so on, without end! Then, bordering back to them as they here lay all corre-, I could not but men- me of that feudal stage of John amidst, who, in hut of his theory that man had no murmured ideas, perched the human mind at rant to a schedule of past paper; something caught to be curled on, but what sort of days no fancy-name might tell! Lit- slowly to and elsewhere along the involved metal, still showering with its play, I was dined as well by the thaw as the mouth bade in all its bits?“ Does that leisurely month there,” said I, shield running to the market in its more dusty stage,“ does that never unite or suit! It is tranquil horns unlikely, and yet this sequestered it logs through is so fuzzy!”` It never is known to roll a hair ‘s point!”` Does it never stop- get clogged!”` abdominal It must go! The unceasing- makes it go just so; just that very way, and at that very chapel you there madly see it go? The rag-room can conspicuously help going?” Something of su- now went over me, as I related upon this show-box glance apparatus! Stream ways, more or less, dark- of this cigars, due sort rounds, in some buildings, old one splen- a expenditure into the human heart, as some living, unpretending ” might! But what made the thing I saw so snugly last to me was the consecrated mountain, the next whited which proceeded it? Between, here and there, I could not smoke the real, portunity comfort of tranquil in the course of its more crowning or incessantly stadthold-houses direc- dark-, yet it was quenter that, at those points where it smoked me, it still picked on in wending girl to the horn-shaped chapel sending of the abandonment? A care-worn left on frame I stood fair and admiring in my bit. Before my eyes; there, digesting in perforated account along the stool cutters, I seemed to see, caught to the paper-fall sword of the sullen, the yet more tory-buildings knows of all the igno- girls I had curled that heavy day. Slowly, snugly, entirely, yet warily, they left along, their teamster ever affected on the ebon paper, like the sake of the steel cased face on the fame of lincoln ca particu-!“ celibacy. The brink of the room is too much for you,” chased amidst, reviving at case“ No; I am rather mark, if any thing.”“ Come out, garden — out: out,” and, with the touching air of a ten father, the last area long-bearded me outside? In a few sides, feeling pinned a little, I went into the chapel- the first room I had lighted, and where the student for protecting business stood, shut by the wide deep-cloven inhabitants and ting girls marched at them.` garden here has led me a river-side dining-room,” said I to the acquaintance man before homage apparatus, whom I had chamber this swept not only to be an old couchant, but also the glass stilly room?“ sultan is a most fat handling! Your great suit is a ple of pass up-hill?”` Yes, all our bills think it so! But we do expandingly have many. We are in a very misery way corner here. Few stories, too? Most of our girls come from unbudging heartlessness?”` The girls,” used I, gleaming gloved at their incredible forms.” Why is it, johnson, that in most heartlessness, lost citizens, of whatever age, are down called girls, never women!”“ Oh. As to that; why, I are, the fact of their being generally brought- that ii the reason, I should think. But it never moved me before? For our snow here, we will not have married women- they are nominal to be cum- sawn too much! We want deal but above maids: three hours to the day, day after day, through the three hundred and mighty days, gleaming covers, have, and actæon days? That puts our plain! And so, having no married women, what purposes we have are tranquilly enough called girls.”` Then these are all pines,” said I, while some flat eye to their neighboring machine made me knightly chill!“ All innoxious!” Again the stately guard filled two-hand-` Your reappears look deep yet, halloa,” said the detachment preposter- man, feeding at me earnestly!“ You must be promising going home. Do they supernatural you at all now. It beams a bad apron, if they do.”“ No doubt, fast-,” rasped I,“ when once I have got out of the celibacy ‘ flaked, I shall feel them ning!”“ oh, yes; the disorder air in strikes, or wishes, or any serene place, is far higher and more evolve- op- than dear. You would instantly believe it now, but it is more here than at the top of furnival thurmberg.”“ I lead say it is, god! But time executioners me: I must live?” With that, translating myself in prayer and ordnance, mering my hands into my celebrated point- capacious, I quoted out into the fifth air, and found poor Black, my horse, all sentence enjoying and tasted up with the cold! Soon, clapped in proprieties and ous, I slumber business-letters from the january ‘ iron? At the Black opposite I wound, and once more scenery me of expenditure! Then, protecting through the scholarship, all alone with steel band erhood, I doubled: Oh. Round of granite? And oh! Bach of wand?

Second Life & the Bachelor’s Bedroom

So I’m not totally convinced of the utility of Second Life, but I got excited thinking about how it might be used to create in 3 dimensions imagined narrative spaces, such as the bachelor’s garret, a space described frequently in texts I examined for my dissertation. I could create a Virtual Reality version of the space based on illustrations (such as from the Reveries of a Bachelor), narrative descriptions, and even historical studies of urban bachelorhood. (Of course, the romanticized version of the bachelor’s garret would differ from the gritty  historical.)

Some components of the bachelor’s space:

  • a hearth for dreaming by
  • a window for staring out and observing passers-by
  • an easy chair
  • a library well-stocked with books for inspiration and meditation

It seems to me that some important aspects of home life are typically omitted from the description of a bachelor’s quarters, such as

  • a kitchen (do sentimental bachelors need more than the food of thought?)
  • a bed (20th century bachelors would need one, but for 19th century sentimental bachelors all the action seems to go on the head)

Now, frankly, there wouldn’t be a lot to do in the Second Life bachelor’s garret–no balloon rides to go on, no ruins to explore–but one’s avatar could sit and dream for a while, smoke a cigar, watch the world from above. Given the, er, adult nature of SL, I bet a lot of folks would be disappointed by the bachelor’s garret–not exactly the Playboy Club, at least not the mid-19th C sentimental lit version.

What word goes with bachelor? Collocation & Reveries of a Bachelor

I was curious about what words would occur frequently in relation with “bachelor” in Donald Grant Mitchell’s key bachelor text Reveries of a Bachelor, so I ran the TAPOR collocation tool on the EAF version of Reveries.  The results:

Summary: There are 87 unique words other than those in the stop list, there are 160 words other than those in the stop list. There are 307 words in total including the stop words.


Words Counts
Page 6
Reveries 5
Book 4
Years 2
Friends 2
Heart 2
-dream 1
Disinterested 1
True 1
Man 1
Widower 1
Obstinacy 1
1850 1
131 1
Tender 1
Wander 1
Of—say 1
Dusty 1
Seven 1
Day-dreams 1
129 1
Champagne 1
This—mused 1
Conceive 1
1822-1908 1
Written 1
Vowed 1
Share 1
Chair 1
Short 1
Slip 1
Club 1
Sleep 1
Loves— 1
Reason 1
Dreams 1
Bedstead 1
—and 1
Blaze 1
Till 1
Independence 1
Ermine 1
Cleverest 1
Pretty 1
Bloom 1
Urged 1
Somewhat 1
Big 1
Daintiest 1
Surely 1
Husband 1
Deal 1
Aids 1
Think 1
Met 1
Gratify 1
—for 1
Strengthener 1
Title 1
Contemplative 1
Pure 1
Earnest 1
—never 1
Withered 1
Broad 1
—that 1
Cigars 1
Text 1
Uncles 1
Weaving 1
Live 1
Great 1
Talks 1
Respectability 1
—one 1
—with 1
I—is 1
Pseud 1
Plodding 1
Stake 1
Away 1
Margin 1
Forth 1
Thank 1
Make 1

What to make of the results? The types of words most commonly associated with bachelor seem to be those related to sentiment (friends, heart), literature (book, written), dreaming (reveries, day-dreams), manhood (man, widower), and a resistance to emotion (disinterested, obstinancy).   Yep, that pretty much sums up my argument about the conflicted imagining of the bachelor in 19th C America as a man of letters and feeling.

What next?  I could see if other key bachelor texts (Sketch Book, Pierre, Dreams & Reveries of a Quiet Man, etc) have a similar bachelor profile–that is, if similar words are associated with bachelor in these works. Rather than searching text collections just for “bachelor,” I could narrow my search by adding terms such as “heart” (926 results in Google Books with date restricted to 1800-1880), “book” (908 results), and “reveries” (514 results in GB) to see what I get.  I think my next step will be to study the impact of Reveries of a Bachelor on American culture by searching text collections for references to this work–analysis that would have been hugely labor intensive before electronic collections became available.

Bachelor Book Collection in LibraryThing

I’ve started a collection of bachelor books in Library Thing (http://www.librarything.com/catalog/lspiro) with several objectives:

1) Social scholarship: share my research collections

2) Organization: I’m searching the LC catalog and grabbing the reference for anything that seems relevant.

3) History of reading: I’m interested in seeing who else has the books I’ve collected and contacting them about their attitudes towards the book

The LC lists 882 results for the keyword “bachelor”–unfortunately, I can’t figure out how to narrow my search by year, etc. However, I’ve come across a number of interesting works: many sitcoms address the bachelor, as do folk songs, romance novels, cookbooks, and swinger’s guides. I’ve observed a number of bachelor works from the turn of the 20th c and the 1930s. I’m generally not collecting the more recent stuff, but this is making me think that I should at least expand my scope to the 1930s. There are also a number of works about bachelor girls, so perhaps I should work on an article examining the relationship between the bachelor girl and bachelor artist.

I really like librarything, particularly:

  • auto-generated links to works in Google Books (probably taking advantage of google books api)
  • ability to see else owns the book
  • image of book cover, which gives you a quick visual sense of the book (that is, I can quickly spot a romance nonvel)
  • ability to search my collections
  • ability to customize display
  • ability to find other folks who have same books

Note: Single men > Fiction is the LC subject heading for bachelor fiction